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The Issues Of George Washington Essay example - 664 Words

Issues nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With a new nation facing overwhelming difficulties, George Washington faced the challenges of being the first president to run, shape, and build the foundations of the newly formed United States. Washington came into office with the country in heavy debt, and an empty treasury. With the issues President George Washington was facing, he proved to be a paragon leader. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One such issue was that of the National debt and creating a National Bank. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress should establish a national bank, in which private investors could buy stock, could print paper money, and keep government finances safe. Washington signed the bill establishing a†¦show more content†¦Jefferson firmly disagreed with Hamilton’s self-absorbed point of views. Washington more often than not favored the opinions’ of Hamilton. Jefferson distrusted the ideas of having a national bank. He viewed them as unconstitutional and an abuse of congressional power. Jefferson also opposed the handling of the Whisky Rebellion, arguing that the farmers were of little threat and an entire army sent to dismantle the rebellion was completely ludicrous and a waste of time. After being elected to a second term, Washington faced more issues concerning the young country. Washington established that neutrality was the best policy for foreign affairs. In 1793, he issues a Proclamation of Neutrality, which stated that the United States would conduct a non-partisan state within foreign powers. Avoiding war would give the young United States the opportunity to develop economically without accumulating substantial debts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An example of Washington neutrality was present in a situation with Great Britain. Britain had declared the ban of trade with France and that all ships carry French goods were to be seized. Britain than also began to seize American sailors. The British also still held posts in the Northwest Territory and rumors led the government to believe that they were promising to help the Indians overthrow the AmericansShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington Farewell Address Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first President of the United States of America, was born on the 22nd of February, 1732 in the colony of Bridges Creek, Virginia. (George Presidential Early Life sec.1 para.3) He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. Washington served as a Major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a representative of t he Virginia legislatureRead MoreGeorge Washington s The War For American Independence1251 Words   |  6 Pages Out of all people in American history, George Washington will always remain to be one of the brightest ones. This is not only because George Washington was the first president of the United States of America, but also because of his character. George Washington was more than just a politician, he was a national leader and an example for many of his followers. Many look to George Washington for the great things he accomplished in his lifetime. Winning the War for American Independence, being theRead MoreAnalysis Of Erving s Rip Van Winkle And Mason953 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will be explaining Washington â€Å"Erving’s Rip Van Winkle† and Mason Locke Weems’s â€Å"Life of Washington† cultural, social, and historical context. In the â€Å"Life of Washington†, Weems shows how George Washington was raised and how he acted as a child. However, in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, Irving tells a story of a man who slept through the Revolutionary War and wakes to find a new country. These stories show the problem of how the United States of America was seen in the eyes of foreignRead MoreGeorge Washington And The Era Of The American Revolution1569 Words   |  7 PagesAccepted Masons or Ancient Free and Accepted Masons that has certain secret rituals†. George Washington was one of the American elites to join the Freemasonry society, their intentions weren t to better themselves but to mimic the â€Å"English gentill behavior†, even though the organization actually ending up contributed to the development of the American Revolution. Through the start of this organization George Washington and many of the American elites policies were influenced to what we know them to standRead MoreHow Do Americans View George Washington and Christopher Columbus Today?772 Words   |  4 PagesWashington had an impact on America during the late 1700’s, and Columbus had an impact on what he hoped was the West Indies in the late 1400’s and early 1500’s. George Washington and Christopher Columbu s are viewed in two complete different ways. Columbus found America and brought the early English settlements over. Washington helped found our country. However even though both men affected our country both are viewed differently than today. George Washington set a legacy that we are still followingRead MoreGeorge Washington On Legacies Left1646 Words   |  7 Pageslegacies left by a certain person, George Washington would top the list. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and he did a stellar job. George Washington was one of the reasons we have the freedoms embodied by Americans still to this day. He did not have a particularly easy childhood but he powered through it. There are so many people who spend their lives complaining but do not do anything to change the situation while George Washington took that pain and let it pushRead MoreEssay Founding Fathers of the United States: George Washington 607 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Washington was the father of the United States of America. He created our country from the beginning. Not only was he a great leader, but he was also a great commander. He helped us win the Revolutionary War, which gave our country independence. We final ly became free, and that’s the greatest thing in America. The fact that he motivated regular people to fight a huge army is amazing. In 1732, George Washington was born on his fathers plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia. His fatherRead MoreSlavery During The Revolutionary War1388 Words   |  6 Pagesproperty. George Washington, the first president of America was born into a family that also owned slaves, and once he married his wife Martha Dandrig Custis, he gained a lot more slaves. However, his views on slavery changed during the American Revolutionary War. He saw slaves fearlessly fighting in the Continental Army in 1775, and he also noticed some places that did not have slavery and the agriculture were well developed. Also, during the American Revolution George Washington and MarquisRead MoreGeorge Washington s Accomplishments, His Failures, And How It Effected The Federalist930 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington as President In 1789, an event that would change and mark the start of using something new was the inauguration for the United States 1st president. Everyone in America celebrated this event because it had finally made us feel like we had things in order and our government was progressing. George Washington was too fond of the idea of being president, but the public summons him to become president. In this paper I going to discuss George Washington’s accomplishments, his failuresRead MoreGeorge Washington : The Founding Fathers901 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington was the president whose ideals where the most coveted among the founding fathers. It is difficult to pinpoint a general idea of what the founding fathers wanted for the future of the United States. Some did not want banks just as Jackson did and some wanted to allow a central to making funding of the government much easier. In many ways leaders in Antebellum American were almost just as divided as the founding fathers but more visibly so. We will only look at what George Washington

Apostille Translation Free Essays

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****John Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Male, born on April ten thousand eight, in the Township of Calidonia, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. We will write a custom essay sample on Apostille Translation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seal/Stampl: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry   Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by BRIGIDO POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry: NATIONAL SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On: 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp: 10. Signature of Officer Dorinda del Carmen Cortizo de Zanetti, Deputy Head of authentication, Ministry of Foreign Affairs REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****Jane Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Female, blood type O+, born on September twenty of two thousand and eleven, in the Township of San Francisco, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. Seal/Stamp: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry ************************************************************************************************* Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by Brig POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp: How to cite Apostille Translation, Essay examples

The Wonder Years free essay sample

What was your initial reaction to Limbaugh’s claim that, â€Å"feminism was established so that unattractive women could have easier access to the mainstream of society? My first reaction was that he went a little bit too far with that statement, I think unattractive women and attractive women could have or not have an easier access to the mainstream of society as any men too. What are two of Limbaugh’s main points? The first main point is the fact that women today have more power even though the biological fact that male are the aggressors is true, but women have the power to make decisions when it comes to a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† response. With women having the power, this will confuse men about what is right and what kind of behavior is acceptable when it comes to real rape and real harassment. When it comes to real rape and real harassment, people have their own interruptions of both. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wonder Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His sub claim is approached by people who are characterized as normal; male-female conduct as sexual harassment then people not only identifies the relations between the sexes, but interprets true sexual harassment. The other point is that people who define modern Feminism by different perspectives on normal deportment that is said to be harassment, near rape, abuse and disrespect. The feminist support leaders are attempting to make the case that any expression of interest by a man in a woman is harassment. By the group attempting to go with the case will lead to many problems. The sub claim that is presented is that real rape is defined by Rush Limbaugh as if approval is defined and the aggressive male pushes himself on the woman to the point of penetration then it is said to be rape. It is said that most men are not rapists, but militant feminists often try to get their point across with stating the differences. The proof with this claim is that some militant feminists apparently harbor such animosity for the opposite sex that they want to criminalize the process of courtship. How does Limbaugh support these points? Give specific examples here from the text. An example given is the concept of date rape, which the intent of rape which does not have different meanings, but it is to distinguish the serious types of rape within the category of rape behavior that is not rape. A proof described is the young star of â€Å"The Wonder Years,† Fred Savage who at the time was sixteen years old experienced a case with sexual harassment by a former staffer of the show, Monique Long, who claimed that Savage repeatedly asked her to have an affair with him and touched her by her holding her hand. Another case involved was with Jason Harvey who was another actor who had harassed the same woman for two years on the show as a costume designer and at one instance touching her in a sexual way. These proofs show that sexual harassment can be interpreted into many ways. How would you answer Limbaugh’s points if you were arguing for the opposition to each of the two points you have selected? That woman today doesn’t have a lot of power because we live in a planet where in other countries and religion, men are to be believed to be superior to women. Also for the second point women should claim any type of abuses, even if it is a minor incident, to alert me to step away and not to mess with women, even if these types of defenses mechanics could be called by men as feminism. Overall, did you find this essay convincing? Why or why not? I did not find the essay convincing because he needs to strength his argument, I would give more facts and examples to make the argument more interesting to where readers will fully get the interruption of it because it states the evidence, but there is no support to back it up only what he said about feminism earlier which does not give any in-depth information. Also include more information on the women since there was a lot mention about men behavior and what is right, therefore women will not be offended. I found this interesting, but if more information is included then it will really spark the argument.

Music Education Essays - Educational Psychology, Teaching, Learning

Music Education The best teachers in this world ask just the right questions I'm convinced. I look at my past experience with teachers. The ones that stick out in my mind as facilitating the most amount of growth in the students have been able to get responses from them by asking direct questions that spark the student's own personal creative thinking. The teachers have presented themselves (their material, their presence, their goals, their very nature, etc.) in a way that strikes the students as being unique and that this teacher has something of value to offer. The student sees this leading quality and either subconsciously or consciously asks themself how am I going to get that stuff that teacher has?. The student ends up being curious and wants to learn, and wants to learn for themself. This also benefits the whole area of discipline. Since the students have developed a respect for what that teacher has to offer, than they do not think or even want to be disruptive. Of course, there's always that special one in the crowd that has so much baggage their tendency to misbehave is not stopped by this one amazing teacher, but it's stunted nonetheless. Thought-provoking questions in an atmosphere that promotes risk the best to stimulate critical thinking. The teacher has this responsibility to share the process of critical thinking in order to provide that safe atmosphere where ideas are appreciated and warmly accepted. Listening in conjunction with questioning and classroom dialogues promotes thinking about music. The combination of lecturing accompanied by dialogue of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of content enhances learning. I think that a good music teacher will create and maintain a positive and comfortable atmosphere where students can dialogue advances discovery and critical thinking. It is important for teachers to have that sensitivity towards the students where they can feel comfortable taking risks. Teachers can use small groups as a way to give a greater number of students a freer feeling to talk about music. This kind of classroom interaction lends itself to a meaningful self-evaluation where one can seek to imp rove in their weakness. The students may feel a nudge to improve up to their friends ability. Or the students may find how different people offer different views to music, and that in itself can be an inspiration to seek out more perspectives or to grow more personally with their music. I feel like talking about conducting right now because this is going to become a huge part of music teaching when I Actually get there. There are many incredible conductors out there. Some of their qualities are so impressive. Some characteristics of a good conductor are having clear definite down beats, they are commanding in their leadership role and have the players attention completely. They should be able to express the meaning or atmosphere of the music through their gesture. They should be able to pick out the different parts of the music because they know the instrumentation and score well. They should know the history and context of the music so that it is presented in the manner the composer intended. The technique of their arm movements should be well-trained, and with the ensemble they should be motivating, encouraging, and inspiring. To obtain a certain quality of conducting requires a great deal of skill. Practicing conducting like any instrument, or any sport or art fo r that matter, is required in order to reach that high state of excellence. I as a trombone player practice a substantial amount to achieve a superior level of playing. Conducting is no different. It too requires a lot of practice. The conductor, however, works on conveying an inspiration of what the music is intended to sound like by the composer. The conducting teacher relates the composer's inspiration, the historical background, listens for parts that require modification, helps the students become self-aware of where improvement should take place, keeps a focus with clear goals in mind, creates a positive learning atmosphere, etc? with the help of all the practicing they did before class time. Its a loaded job. J Right now I am finding a great value in mission statements. Mission statements made byt he music teacher

Rise and Fall of Protectionis Essays

Rise and Fall of Protectionis Essays Rise and Fall of Protectionis Essay Rise and Fall of Protectionis Essay 1995); work on global environmental commons; and the emergence of social exclusion as a concept of deprivation (Gore, 1996b). The spatial frame shift is likely to be linked to the re-introduction of a historical perspective, which is already becoming evident, for example, in analyses of the history of globalization of economic activity (Bairoch, 1993; Bairoch Kozul-Wright, 1998; Brenner, 1998). But with the rejection of grand narratives, bringing history back in should not presage a return to the old teleological historicism, but rather identify alternative situations and possible development paths, and thereby inform a RISE AND FALL OF THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS 801 pragmatic commitment to progressive change in favor of present as well as future generations. The values which will glue together the new way of seeing the world are, like the methods of global analysis, as yet unclear. The most likely prospect is that we shall be blown into the uture facing backward, embracing a form of embedded communitarian liberalism, which seeks to reconcile the achievement of national, regional and global objectives, and to marry universal values with a respect for diversity. But this is still waiting to be born. NOTES 1. That is, a constellation of beliefs, values, techniques and group commitments shared by members of a given community, founded in particular on a set of shared axioms, mode ls and exemplars (see Kuhn, 1970). The term paradigm is used in this sense throughout this paper. . For an extended discussion of the importance of frames in policy analysis, see Schn and Rein (1994). o The notion of the frame is also pivotal in Amartya SenOs work on development evaluation, though he uses the term informational basis of evaluative judgements rather than frame. 3. For deeper discussion of these debates, and the role of international development agencies in them, see Arndt (1987), chapters 3 and 4. 4. This was a complex historical process. As Kuhn (1970) explains, the timing of paradigm shifts is in? enced not simply by scienti ®c and policy debate, but also broader political and ideological con ®gurations. These broader changes, which include the election of conservative political leaders in the United Kingdom, United States and Germany in the late 1970s and early 1980s, will not be dealt with here. For a subtle account, which locates changes in development thi nking and practice within a broader counter-revolution against Keynesian economic policies, see Toye (1993). 5. For these two lines of argument, see various World Development Reports, particularly World Bank (1983, 1986, 1987). The last, as well as criticizing deviant policies, is an exemplar of the mobilization of East Asian experience to support key principles of a LIEO. 6. For an extended discussion of methodological nationalism, see Gore (1996a). 7. The term global liberalism is used here as shorthand for various types of LIEO, which may or may not allow a circumscribed role for national government intervention in market processes. 8. The term historicism is used here in the most general sense given by Popper (1960, p. 3). It does not imply that planning which aims at arresting, accelerating or controlling development processes is impossible, though some historicists would adopt this stronger position (Popper, 1960, pp. 44 ±45). 9. Exemplars are Rostow (1960) and Chenery and Syrquin (1975). 10. Lyotard (1984) sees the main criterion which is used to legitimate knowledge after the questioning of the grand narratives as performativity, which is understood as assessment of the performance of systems in terms of the best input/output relations (p. 46). 11. Various academic books and articles are associated with these policy reports. Key elements of Latin American neostructuralism, which developed as a response to the weaknesses of both neoliberalism and importsubstitution industrialization, are set out in Bitar (1988), Ffrench-Davies (1988), Sunkel and Zuleta (1990), Fajnzylber (1990) and Sunkel (1993), and are surveyed in Kay (1998). A Japanese view of the contrast between East Asian developmentalism and the Washington Consensus is set out in OECF (1990), whilst Okudo (1993) and JDB/JERI (1993) discuss the Japanese approach, focusing on two important policy mechanisms which diverge from the tenets of the dominant approach? two-step loans and policy-based lending. UNCTADOs reconstruction of East Asian developmentalism, which was elaborated independently of Latin American neostructuralism, draws on analyses of the Japanese development experience, particularly Akamatsu (1961, 1962) and Shinohara (1982), and key elements are set out in Akyz and Gore (1996) and Akyz u u (1998). 12. For an outline of this approach see, inter alia, Sen (1993), and an analysis of the limits of its moral individualism is made in Gore (1997). 13. For examples of a loose approach to poverty analysis based on the concept of sustainable human development, see UNDP (1995a,b); but Banuri et al. 1994) attempt to give a more rigorous speci ®cation of 802 WORLD DEVELOPMENT 15. There are some divergences between the East Asian and Latin American approaches. The latter gives more prominence to environment and democracy, is less committed to aggressive sectoral targeting (ECLAC, 1996, pp. 70 ±71; Ocampo, 1999), and has a more re ®ned policy analysis of the process of  ® nancial integration than East Asian developmentalism (ECLAC, 1995, Part 3). But their similarities, and common disagreements with the Washington Consensus, are more striking. 16. For an interesting alternative interpretation of this fault line, see Yanagihara (1997) who contrasts an ingredients approach and a framework approach and seeks ways of synthesizing them. 17. To paraphrase Yanagihara and Sambommatsu (1996). the concept through the notion of social capital. An interesting recent development has been to link sustainable human development to the promotion of human rights discourse, which some see as an alternative global ethics to neoliberalism. The increasing incorporation of the voice of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) into or alongside UN social deliberations is also a? cting the SHD approach. A good discussion of some of the notions which animate these discussions is Nederveen Pierterse (1998). 14. It is di? cult to identify an African strand to the Southern Consensus, but Mkandawire and Soludo (1999) seek to develop an African alternative to the Washington Consensus, and UNCTAD (1998, part 2) has drawn implications of the East Asian development experience for Africa. REFERENCES Akamatsu, K. (1961). A theory of unbalanced growth in the world economy. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 86, 196 ±215. Akamatsu, K. (1962). A historical pattern of economic growth in developing countries. The Developing Economies, 1 (1), 3 ±25. Aky z, Y. (1998) New Perspectives on East Asia. u Journal of Development Studies (special issue) 34 (6). u Aky z, Y. , Gore, C. G. (1996). The investment-pro ®ts nexus in East Asian industrialization. World Development, 24 (3), 461 ±470. Amsden, A. (1994). Why isnt the whole world experimenting with the East Asian model to develop? : review of the East Asian miracle. World Development, 22 (4), 627 ±634. Arndt, H. W. (1987). Economic development: the history of an idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bairoch, P. (1993). Economic and world history. Brighton: Wheatsheaf. Bairoch, P. , Kozul-Wright, R. (1998). Globalization myths: some historical re? ections on integration, industrialization and growth in the world economy. In R. Kozul-Wright R. Rowthorn, Transnational corporations and the global economy (pp. 37 ±68). London: Macmillan; New York: St. Martins Press. Banuri, T. et al. (1994). De ®ning and operationalizing sustainable human development: a guide for practitioners. Bureau for Programme Policy and Evaluation. New York: UNDP. Bauer, P. T. (1971). Dissent on development: studies and debates in development economics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Bitar, S. (1988). Neo-conservatism versus neo-structuralism in Latin America. CEPAL Review, 34, 45 ±62. Brenner, R. (1998). The economics of global turbulence: a special report on the world economy, 1950 ±98, New Left Review, 229, (May/June). Byres, T. J. (1979). Of neopopulist pipedreams: Daedalus in the Third World and the myth of urban bias. Journal of Peasant Studies, 6 (2), 210 ±244. Campos, J. E. , Root, H. L. (1996). The key to the Asian miracle: making shared growth credible. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Chang, H. -J. , Palmer, G. , Whittaker, D. Hugh. 1998). The Asian crisis. Cambridge Journal of Economics (special issue), 22. Chenery, H. B. , Syrquin, M. (1975). Patterns of development, 1950 ±70. London: Oxford University Press. ECLAC (1990). Changing production patterns with social equity: the prime task of Latin America and Caribbean development in the 1990s. ECLAC, Santiago, Chile. ECLAC (1992). Social equity and changing production patterns: an integrated approach. ECLAC, Santiago, Chile. ECLAC (1994). Open regionalism in Latin America and the Caribbean: economic integration as a contribution to changing production patterns with social equity. ECLAC, Santiago, Chile. ECLAC (1995). Policies to improve linkages with the global economy. ECLAC, Santiago, Chile. ECLAC (1996). Strengthening development: the interplay of macro- and microeconomics. ECLAC, Santiago, Chile. ESCAP (1990). Restructuring the developing economies of Asia and the Paci ®c in the 1990s. United Nations, New York. Evans, P. (1998). Transferable lessons? Re-examining the institutional prerequisites of East Asian economic policies. Journal of Development Studies, 34 (6), 66 ±86. Fajnzylber, F. (1990) Industrialization in Latin America: from the black box to the empty box. Cuardenos de la CEPAL, 60, CEPAL, Santiago, Chile. RISE AND FALL OF THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS Ffrench-Davies, R. (1988). An outline of a neo-structuralist approach. CEPAL Review, 34, 37 ±44. Gere? , G. (1995). Contending paradigms for crossregional comparison: development strategies and commodity chains in East Asia and Latin America. In P. H. Smith, Latin America in comparative perspec tive: new approaches to methods and analysis (pp. 33 ±58). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Gore, C. G. (1996a). Methodological nationalism and the misunderstanding of East Asian industrialization. European Journal of Development Research, 8 (1), 77 ±122. Gore, C. G. (1996b). Social exclusion, globalization, and the trade-o? between e? ciency and equity. In G. Khler et al. , Questioning development: essays in o the theory, policies and practice of development interventions (pp. 103 ±116). Metropolis Verlag, Marburg. Gore, C. G. (1997). Irreducibly social goods and the informational basis of Amartya Sens capability approach. Journal of International Development, 9 (2), 235 ±250. Haq, M. ul. (1995). Re? ections on human development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. IMF (1997) World economic outlook. Globalization: opportunities and challenges. IMF, Washington DC. JDB/JERI (Japan Development Bank and Japan Economic Research Institute) (1993). Policy-based  ®nance: the experience of postwar Japan. Final Report to the World Bank, Washington, DC. Johnson, H. J. (1967). The ideology of economic policy in the new States. In H. G. Johnson, Economic nationalism in old and new states (pp. 124 ±141). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kay, C. (1989). Latin American theories of development and underdevelopment. London: Routledge. Kay, C. (1998). Relevance of structuralist and dependency theories in the neoliberal period: a Latin American perspective. Working Paper Series No. 281, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague. Kuhn, T. (1970). The structure of scienti ®c revolutions (2nd ed. ) enlarged. In International encyclopaedia of uni ®ed science (Vol. 2, No. 2). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Krugman, P. (1995). Dutch tulips and emerging markets. Foreign A? airs, 74 (4), 28 ±44. Lyotard, J. -F. (1984). The post-modern condition: a report on knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Mkandawire, T. , Soludo, C. 1999). Our continent, our future: African perspectives on structural adjustment. Trenton, NJ, and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press. Nederveen Pierterse, J. (1998). My paradigm or yours? Alternative development, post-development, re? exive development. Development and Change, 29, 343 ± 373. Ocampo, J. A. (1999). Beyond the Washington Consensus: an ECLAC perspective. Paper prepared for the conf erence on Beyond the Washington Consensus: Net Assessment and Prospects for New Approach, organized by the Department of Comparative Research on Development of the Ecole des Hautes 803 Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, and MOST of UNESCO, June 1999, Paris. OECF (1990). Issues related to the World BankOs approach to structural adjustment  ± proposal from a major partner. OECF Discussion Paper No. 1. Okudo, H. (1993). Japanese two-step loans: the Japanese approach to development  ®nance. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 34, 67 ±85. Ottavino, G. I. P. , Puga, D. (1998). Agglomeration in the global economy: a survey of the `New Economic Geography. The World Economy, 21 (6), 707 ±732. Popper, K. R. (1960). The poverty of historicism (2nd ed. ). London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul. Rodrik, D. (1994). King Kong meets Godzilla: the World Bank and the East Asian miracle. CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 944, CEPR Oxford. Rostow, W. (1960). The stages of economic growth: a non-communist manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schn, D. , Rein, M. (1994). Frame re? ection: towards o the resolution of intractable policy controversies. New York: Basic Books. Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being. In M. Nussbaum A. Sen, The quality of life (pp. 30 ± 54). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Shinohara, M. (1982). Industrial growth, trade and dynamic patterns in the Japanese economy. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press. Singh, A. (1994). Openness and the market-friendly approach to development: learning the right lessons from development experience. World Development, 22 (12), 1811 ±1823. Stiglitz, J. (1998a). More instruments and broader goals: Moving toward the post-Washington consensus. The WIDER Annual Lecture, Helsinki, Finland, January 7. Stiglitz, J. (1998b). Towards a new paradigm for development: Strategies, policies, and processes. Prebisch Lecture given at UNCTAD, Geneva, October 19. Sunkel, O. , Zuleta, G. (1990). Neo-structuralism versus neo-liberalism in the 1990s. CEPAL Review, 42, 36 ±51. Sunkel, O. (1993). Development from within: toward a neostructuralist approach for Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers. Toye, J. (1993). Dilemmas of development: re? ections on the counter-revolution in development theory and practice (2nd ed. ). Oxford: Blackwell. UNCTAD (1994). Trade and development report. Geneva: United Nations. UNCTAD (1996). Trade and development report. Geneva: United Nations. UNCTAD (1997). Trade and development report. Geneva: United Nations. UNCTAD (1998). Trade and development report. Geneva: United Nations. UNDP (various years). Human development report. New York: Oxford University Press. UNDP (1995a). Poverty eradication: a policy framework for country strategies. New York: UNDP. UNDP (1995b). From poverty to equity: an empowering and enabling strategy. New York: UNDP. 804 WORLD DEVELOPMENT World Bank (various years). World development report. 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Operational and Implementation Problems Coursework

Operational and Implementation Problems - Coursework Example According to research from a few years ago, technology currently in use in assessment and referral processes in children’s health care facilities is highly ineffective, error prone, wrongly used and incapable of delivering on its expectation. This report analyses problems facing healthcare facilities serving children with regard to their assessment and referral processes. Healthcare System Design The healthcare information system belongs in a broader context of the health care system structure. Many factors, evidently affects its operation and efficiency, from the origination to its operation and use of the information it generates. Below is a diagram of a healthcare information system according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (Lippeveld & Sauerborn, 2005), the diagram elucidates the defining role the management plays in the design and implementation of new healthcare information systems. From the management, it is apparent that the management oversees the supply of res ources to use in establishing the new information systems, and lays a foundation for the kind of output they expect from the systems. Problems in Computerised Healthcare Systems serving Children Broadhurst et al. (2010) claims that the existing initial assessment systems for children’s services exhibit deep flaws and acute malfunctions. Medical institutions continually face situations where they have to deal with more patients than they have capacity for; consequently, meeting the right performance standards becomes a distant reality. For instance, the process of classifying incoming referral information happens in a sloppy and haphazard manner, and with little informational backing. Because of flawed manual... This paper approves that the common management practice of inconsiderately punishing employees for mistakes done within their area of responsibility is a huge impediment to progress and efficiency of referral processes in children’s health care facilities. The added inefficiency of the internal assessment systems also contributes largely to this disconcerting trend. The problems in management of the referral and assessment systems spills into the quality of service accorded to the end-users, who often suffer neglect and wrongful treatment as a result. In addition, the assessment systems themselves carry serious inherent flaws, and the audits and assessments are often rushed and imprecise, concentrating on some areas deemed more important and ignoring most of the other areas requiring detailed audit. This essay makes a conclusion that despite heavy technological investments in IT services for children health care facilities, some of the agendas the systems sought to resolve by replacing traditional manual systems persist. The incidences of errors remain worryingly high. Analysts suggest that the baffling occurrence many be as a direct result of poor implementation methodology of the technological referral and assessment systems, which were implemented without careful assessment of the design requirements of the systems for the health facilities. While not dismissing the use of technology in modern governance, the analysts call for a re-examination of the factors critical to the implementation of a successful information system for health care facilities.

Nurse-Patient Ratio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurse-Patient Ratio - Assignment Example The increase in the work load resulted into the increased probability of fatality among patients i.e. 14 per cent within 30 days of admission (Mark, 2009). Addition of one patient among nurses’ workload leads to a seven percent increase in the mortality rate emanating from common surgeries. Increased workloads also lead to nurse burn-out and job dissatisfaction that acts as precursors of voluntary turnover (Aiken et al, 2007; Kane et al, 2007). Increased nurse staffing levels reduce the number of urinary-tract infections, pneumonia as well other ailments required for capital ailments (Rafferty et al., 2007). Comprehensive studies undertaken by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) confirms that there is a relationship between nurse staffing and health care outcomes (Kane et al., 2007). An increase in the nurse staffing leads to a reduction in the prevalence and mortality rates caused by treatable diseases. Although there may be other strategies required for imp roving hospital nurse number, improved nurse staffing is the most effective in the achievement of proper outcomes for both nurses and patients. The solution to the problem requires the input of the legislative arms in enacting regulations that addresses the shortage. Strategies to Influence Votes At the local level, nurses should be encouraged to use the reward power when lobbying for support from the legislators. The candidates should only be assured of votes if they offer their support to the health issue (Abood, 2007). The hospitals should be required to establish nurse controlled staffing committees. This creates the strategies necessary for matching the patient population with the available staffing. The results from such committee are presented to the legislative members to provide them with the real problem for support. At the state level, nurses should be involved in the sponsoring of the annual state legislative days to arrest the attention of legislators and influential le aders. The legislative days will be characterized by fellowships and internships that offer information on the importance of maintaining suitable nursing ratios for effective health care delivery. These workshops will bring nurses together and raise awareness on the current health care issues. Once the nurses are made aware of the situation, they can identify the pros and cons of the necessary solutions to the problem. Awareness will also motivate individual nurses to attract the involvement of colleagues in the issue. This leads to the formation of majority members required in encouraging the legislators in enacting the required changes in nursing. Focus on media will also play an eminent role in educating the public and politicians on the issue. This will win the required support from the public and nongovernment organizations. Increasing My Power to Influence Votes Individual efforts are eminent in mobilizing votes. The prominent strategy is the development of communication skill s necessary for influencing other people to listen and gain insight on the problem as well as the proposed solutions. Another personal strategy will entail joining professional nursing organizations with political affiliations. This will offer a chance to interact and influence professional lobbyists capable of influencing the necessary amendments among the ruling elite. Personal involvement will allow sharing of detailed information on th

American Indian Philosophy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Indian Philosophy - Research Paper Example According to them, we get life from this environment and it helps us to grow up. It is a most foolish thing ever if somebody does not care for the natural environment. It also offers ethical aspects of life for example interpersonal relationships must be kind and free of distrust, people should exercise generosity instead of greed and there should be a worshipful and religious lifestyle rather than implementing on Sunday only religion. 1. Nature and the Physical Universe 1.1. Our Relationship with Natural World Relationship of individuals with the natural world is viewed in different ways by numerous philosophers and theorists. It is specified as an ambiguous and wooly rapport by some philosophers. While at the same time, many theories and concepts contradict with each other. The American Indian school of thought implies that people are the custodians of God on earth. They are sent to take care of this earth and environment. For the sake of reward, God has blessed man with a wide ran ge of facilities to enjoy with. Humanity factor is also an important feature which affects the social life as well as the environment. In the view of other schools of thoughts and religious opinion, it is concerned that human, humanity, ethics, God, Mother Earth and environment are coordinated with each other (Smith and Thomas, 29). An individual has to carry its relationship of custodian which is specified by God. It is an implied duty which ought to be fulfilled by everyone. 1.2. Indian Time The Indian concept of time is rigorously ambiguous and complicated as compared to tradition western concept does. It implies that components in this universe are incessantly shifting, moving and transforming. Static time concept infuses the Indian notion of time. It further entails the phenomenology that an individual can never step in to the same place twice. It is more significant if the conceding effect of Indian notion of time can be observed indeed. In simple words, Indian time is the not ion which describes the wider universality in a sense of continuous shifting around the scope and conditions of the universe. 1.3. Insights in to the Nature of Universe Nature and origin of the universe is explicated through several processes and progressions. The lucid insights towards religious and material world may be identified differently. Following are the views or processes which provide roadmap to create better understanding related to universe and its existence. Dualism: distinction of the parts prevailing in the universe is based upon two different parts such as being and non-being or mind or matter. Monism: this concept provides the basic idea that all is one. The derivation point of this idea is based upon oneness of God. All that is found in the world is directly related to God. This concept is more concerned with religion rather than logic. Monistic Theism: This state occurs anywhere between dualism and monism. Nature of God is derived as inspirational and subjective both. This offers a personal soul oriented relationship with God in an indifference way. Pantheism: It is some kind of extremist view about revealing that all is God and God is all. It permits that everything that exists in the universe is a forceful reaction of emanation of one God. The concept of monism is least favorable in presence of pantheism. 1.4. Meaning of Mother Earth According to a general view, Mother Earth (or sometimes known as Mother Nature) is a kind of personification for nature. It

What Makes You Happy Philosophy Essay

What Makes You Happy Philosophy Essay Happiness is being content with what you have in your life. It comes down to two different types of contentment. The first type is a materialistic happiness that comes from objects such as food, money, clothes, cars, technology and everything else that that physically exists in this world and is an object of desire. The second type of happiness is a much more spiritual view; it is a natural happiness. It is achieved from being at peace or from reaching a state of inner contentment. It is in my belief that through a balance of these two sources of happiness that only true happiness can be found. The fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso speaks of happiness in much the same way. When asked by Howard Cutler to speak about desire, the Dalai Lama replies, I think there are two kinds of desire (Cutler 1000). The Dalai Lama says of the material desire I previously identified: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I think that this kind of excessive desire leads to greed-an exaggerated form of desire, based on over expectation. He goes on to say, When it comes to dealing with greed, one thing that is quite characteristic is that although it arrives by the desire to obtain something, it is not satisfied by obtaining (Cutler 1001). I completely agree with him on this point, that material desire can become excessive and lead to insatiable greed. However, it is my belief that happiness comes from fulfilling desire, which is, in part, fulfilling superficial material desire. But that is not all that constitutes happiness. As the Dalai Lama says, The true antidote of greed is contentment. If you have a strong sen se of contentment, it doesnt matter whether you obtain the object or not; either way, you are still content (Cutler 1002). This kind of inner contentment comes about through the second type of happiness I spoke of, the spiritual or natural happiness. Natural happiness or inner contentment is a rather difficult thing to explain, as it is a very abstract idea. Inner contentment cannot be found through material things. It comes from oneself, from one making peace with what they have and understanding that they cannot have everything. Howard Cutler, the Dalai Lamas companion, asks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦How can we achieve inner contentment? There are two methods. One method is to obtain everything we want and desireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The second, and more reliable, method is not to have what we want but rather to want and appreciate what we have (Cutler 1002). It would seem that Cutler, the Dalai Lama, and I share many of the same views. Inner contentment itself comes from making peace with what we already have, moving past the desire of wanting material things. However, it should be made clear that we are discussing happiness, not contentment. Contentment, inner contentment, certainly comes from achieving a peace with what one has and accepting that one cant have everything. But that is only contentment. True happiness comes from a balance of both contentment and desire. It comes from striking a balance between the two methods of achieving inner contentment. But this is only one persons happiness. Philosophers such as Epictetus would argue that happiness does not come about through these methods. Epictetus taught that: The goal of life is happiness or flourishing life. The way to achieve this condition is to understand the nature of the good (Barnet and Bedau 995). He argued that The only true good is virtue. Yes, wealth can be useful, but it is not good or badà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Povertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is not bad but is morally indifferent (just as wealth is morally indifferent)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The life that is happy or fruitful is the virtuous life (Barnet and Bedau 995). Epictetus was likely speaking about happiness as a whole or happiness for the greater good. One persons happiness may not be the same as anothers, but I agree with Epictetus that happiness comes about through living a virtuous life. I would call this version of happiness a worldly contentment. This is, of course, different from the inner contentment previously discussed. Daniel Gilbert adds onto this idea of contentment. In his essay Does Fatherhood Make You Happy? he explains that having children generally makes a parent happy. Psychologists have measured how people feel as they go about their daily activities, and have found that people are less happy when they are interacting with their children than when they are eating, exercising, shopping or watching television (Gilbert 985). He starts off by stating how studies have shown that parents become less happy when they have children around them and how they would rather be spending time doing other things to make them happy, but later counters this idea with his reasons from personal experience. First, when something makes us happy we are willing to pay a lot for it, which is why the worst Belgian chocolate is more expensive than the best Belgian tofu. But that process can work in reverse: when we pay a lot for something, we assume it makes us happy, which is why we swear to the wonders of bottled water and Armani socks (Gilbert 985). Gilbert brings toward a materialistic view very similar to the Dalai Lamas. We are willing to sacrifice for material wants and desires but only true happiness lies in contentment. Gilbert compares children to heroin, while it may seem irrational his points are made clear. Children give parents a feeling of pleasure that makes them forget everything else around them. The analogy to children is all too clear. Even if their company were an unremitting pleasure, the fact that they require so much company means that other sources of pleasure will all but disappear (Gilbert 986). I interpret this as another form of contentment. Because of how satisfying it is to have children, it makes a parent content that they dont need anything else. Lewis suggests a countercultural idea, that we actually have no right to happiness. There are some people who truly believe that happiness is a right that is supposed to be given out from the government like any other right. While in reality this may be true to some extent, we have the right to pursue happiness more so than the right to happiness. Every person is provided with the opportunity and resources to do so. Similarly with other rights there are some boundaries. If we establish a right to (sexual) happiness which supersedes all the ordinary rules of behavior, we do so not because of what our passion shows itself to be in experience but because of what it professes to be while we are in the grip of it (Lewis 1006). Lewis would say that pursuing happiness is alright as long as you are within legal and moral laws. In other words, living a good life is a means to pursue happiness. Thus the question of what is happiness can be defined in multiple ways. For one person, it is through achieving a state of inner contentment through finding a balance between material desire of what one does not have and a desire of what one already has. In the context of worldly or societal happiness, happiness is found through living a life of virtue and thus being fulfilled, or finding contentment, in that manner. Happiness is all of these things. Happiness, however, isnt a destination to reach. Its a perception, a mindset. There are those that believe that people are born with this mindset. There are others who believe that each of us can achieve this perception merely by redirecting our thoughts. Both are true. Sometimes it takes a really stressful event to make us realize how grateful we are for what we have rather than desiring what we dont have. The secret to happiness is contentment; a still point of realization that happiness is found within, not through external measures and possessions. Contentment is more than being grateful for the small things in life, it is being grateful for simply being. Contentment is a song the heart sings in the quiet moments of the day. Can you hear it?

Fraud in The Firm by John Grisham Essay -- The Firm John Grisham Liter

Fraud in The Firm by John Grisham John Grisham was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas, on February 8, 1955. In 1967 he lived in Southhaven, Mississippi. In 1977 he received an undergraduate degree in accounting. In 1981 he attended law school at the school at the University of Mississippi where he earned a degree. John set up a law practice in Southehaven, where he practiced both criminal law and civil law. In 1981 he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. In 1989 John published his first novel A Time to Kill. John Grisham has written many books, one of them is The Firm. Mitch McDeere is about to graduate in the top five percentile at the Harvard Law School. A representative from a highly prestigious tax law firm approaches Mitch telling him of a job at his company. After a long period of thinking Mitch and his wife Abby move to Memphis Tennessee where the firm is located. At this time Mitch and Abby had no idea that they were under close surveillance by Mr. DeVasher. Mitch also has yet to learn that the firm is a cleaver cover up for a Mafia controlled money laundering operation. Mitch later visits his brother Ray in jail, who refers him to a detective by the name of Eddie Lomax. Later Mitch goes to the Caimans on a business trip and was set up have sex with a hooker that appeared to be in distress. While Mitch was gone Eddie Lomax was killed. When Mitch returns, Tammy, Eddie’s secretary is waiting to meet him to let him know about what had happened....